• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SE1000944A1
    申请号:SE1000944
    申请日:2010-09-20
    公开日:2012-03-21
    发明作者:Tomas Hurtig；Patrik Appelgren；Sten Andreasson；Anders Larsson
    申请人:Totalfoersvarets Forskningsinstitut；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    A more detailed description of existing ignition techniques and the technique of the present invention will be given in a later section.
    Figures Before a description of embodiments is given, the drawings are briefly summarized.
    Figure 1 shows a conventional barrel weapon with a projectile, propellant charges and a plasma generator.
    Figure 2 shows a plasma generator according to the prior art. It includes a metal wire that runs through the chamber and short-circuits the circuit.
    Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a plasma generator according to the present invention. The figure gives a cross section of a sandwich construction.
    Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a plasma generator according to the present invention. The figure gives a cross section of a sandwich construction.
    Figure 5 gives a modification of the embodiment in figure 4. Here the dielectric material is provided with metal inserts.
    Figure 6 gives an alternative geometric shape for the plasma generator in the embodiment according to Figure 4. Instead of a sandwich construction, the plasma generator here has a cylindrical shape. the same alternative geometry for the plasma generator according to Figure 7 shows the embodiment given in Figure 5.
    Figure 8 shows an example of a circuit diagram of the invention. In this scheme, the plasma generator of the closing circuit corresponds to the marked surface charge.
    The capacitor bank is charged and when switch A is closed, it is connected, via the inductance, to the overvoltage capacitor and the plasma generator, whereby a higher voltage such as the capacitor bank is applied across the plasma generator. Detailed Description and Preferred Embodiments Hereinafter, the invention will be described with reference to the figures. Before the more detailed description is given, we list some of the terms used and briefly state their intended function. The function of the other terms in this application will be apparent from the detailed description of embodiments.
    The plasma generator's discharge circuit refers to the components that cooperate to ignite the propellant charge for, for example, a projectile in a barrel. A more detailed description of how the discharge circuit works will be given in the following.
    By gas enclosing chamber is meant a cavity connecting the first electrode (12,12 ') and the second electrode (14). This chamber usually contains air or other ionizable gas. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chamber is in the form of a hollow tube of a dielectric material, the ends of the tube being provided with electrodes (12, 12 ') and (14), respectively. In this way, an open gap with gas or air is obtained between the first and second electrodes. When the air or gas in the tube is ionized by the voltage applied to the outer electrodes (122 13,13 '), an ionization channel will be created between the first electrode and the second electrode, this means that the circuit closes and that the main discharge circuit is activated to ignite the propellant charge. . The fact that the tube consists of a dielectric material has the advantage that no currents flow in the walls of the chamber when voltage is applied across the outer electrodes.
    By propellant charge is meant the charge that is ignited to launch, for example, a projectile into a barrel.
    Reference is first made to Figure 1 which illustrates the principle of how a plasma generator ignites propellant charges to eject a projectile from a barrel. The weapon system in the figure contains a plasma generator and propellant charges enclosed in a chamber which turns into a barrel. A projectile is schematically represented in the barrel. To fire the projectile from the barrel, the propellant charges must be ignited. These are usually ignited either chemically (via a flammable powder) or electrically via a plasma generator. In the latter case, the plasma generator will generate a plasma which, via self-generated overpressure, spreads into the chamber with the propellant charges and ignites them. This is conventional technology and is commonly referred to as ET1 or ETA (electrothermal initiation or electrothermal ignition).
    A more detailed description of a known plasma generator is given with reference to Figure 2. main discharge circuit for a plasma generator. Figure 2 shows a plasma generator consisting of a first electrode and a second electrode which are electrically connected to each other via a capacitor. The first and second electrodes also form the ends of a hollow tube-like element of a dielectric material (which material forms the walls of the gas enclosing chamber). Furthermore, a metal wire is connected which connects electrode (12) with electrode (14) in the area inside the dielectric material. When voltage is applied across the capacitor, the electrode (12) will be connected to the electrode (14) through the metal wires. Due to the considerable heat generated by a discharge from the capacitor, this conductive wire will evaporate. A disadvantage of this arrangement is consequently that the device can only be used once for igniting propellant charges.
    Figure 3 shows a possible embodiment of the present invention. The purpose of this embodiment as well as the others is to obtain a plasma generator 1 which can efficiently generate enough heat to ignite propellant charges in a barrel weapon and which can also be used repeatedly without the need to replace the plasma generator.
    Figure 3 shows a first capacitor circuit running between electrodes 12 and 14. In use, a capacitor discharge must take place between these electrodes in a gas-enclosing chamber 10 built of a dielectric material, this according to known technology. To achieve this, it must be ensured that the circuit is closed between electrodes 12 and 14. According to this embodiment of the invention, this is done by providing an additional circuit with a voltage source designated U or 16 'in the figure. This circuit is connected between an electrode 13 and an electrode 13 "opposite to this electrode. The electrode 13 and the opposite electrode 13 * are galvanically separated from each other as they are physically separated by the insulating dielectric material. When a sufficiently high voltage is supplied from the voltage source to the circuit, the galvanically separated electrodes, which are arranged on each side of the gas enclosing chamber 10, will create a large electric field inside the chamber.
    This electric field will ionize the gas in the chamber. When the gas is ionized, it will conduct current so that a discharge can occur between electrodes 12 and 14. This discharge will cause considerable heat to be generated in the chamber. This is led out of the chamber through a channel to the part of the barrel weapon that contains the propellant charges. The propellant charges will now be ignited by the supplied heat. Once the propellant charges are ignited, an explosion takes place which launches the projectile arranged in the barrel. The figure shows the chamber in cross section with electrodes 13,13 'provided on each side of the chamber, separated by the dielectric material. Since it is of the utmost importance that the electrodes are galvanically separated, the chamber must be so constructed that the electrodes only cover a certain part of the surface of the chamber. In the event that the chamber is formed as a cylindrical tube, a first electrode can be laid along one part of the tube surface and the second along another part of the surface in such a way that these parts do not overlap. That is, there is an area between the electrodes where the chamber is made entirely of a dielectric material. The advantage of this embodiment relative to the prior art is that the plasma generator is ready to be used again as soon as the heat generated in the chamber has been used to ignite the propellant charges. It should be noted that the gas in this embodiment as well as those that follow may be either ordinary air or any other gas with better ionization energy properties and / or powder initiation properties. For the latter case, the plasma generator can be provided with a gas container from which new gas can be supplied if necessary. A simple valve arrangement is sufficient to separate the gas container from the gas in the chamber.
    Figure 4 shows an alternative to the embodiment according to Figure 3. The advantage of this embodiment is that the additional source of voltage required in the previous embodiment to create an electric field in the chamber can be dispensed with. This is done by allowing the capacitor circuit to be short-circuited in the chamber to provide voltage both for the discharge and for the mechanism that makes the chamber conductive. In detail we see that the capacitor circuit here supplies electrode 12 'and electrode 13. Electrode 12' and electrode 13 are separated by the dielectric material 11. Electrode 13 is arranged along the entire outer surface of the dielectric because electrode 12 'only covers a certain part of the inner surface of dielectric. Once a voltage is supplied from the voltage source driving the discharge circuit, a potential difference will be created across the dielectric material separating electrode 12 'and electrode 13. At a sufficiently high voltage, this potential difference will create a surface charge on dielectric at the interface between dielectric and electrode 12. '. This surface charge will spread along the inside of the dielectric all the way from electrode 12 'to electrode 14. Once this has taken place, current will be able to be conducted between electrode 12' and electrode 14 and thus a capacitor discharge can take place in chamber. The capacitor discharge also here creates a considerable heat which can be conducted from the chamber to the drive charges via a duct. Once at the propellant charges, these ignite and explode, which shoots the projectile into the barrel. In this embodiment, the short circuit in the chamber is given by the surface charge that occurs along the inside of the dielectric. Here, too, we achieve the purpose that the plasma generator can be used repeatedly without components having to be replaced between times.
    An alternative embodiment of the above is obtained if electrode 12 'is constructed so that it is given a tapered and pointed shape in the direction of the chamber. This means that the voltage applied across electrodes 12 'and 13 can be reduced in size, but that the purpose of creating surface charges along the inside of the dielectric is still achieved.
    A further embodiment is provided if the electrode 13 which runs along the outside of the entire dielectric is given a length which is longer than the length of the dielectric material. The excess length can then be folded down over the edge of the dielectric and there constitute the electrode 14. In this way we obtain a plasma generator which only needs two electrodes, but where these must be arranged in a very specific way.
    Figure 5 gives an alternative embodiment to the one shown in Figure 4. Here, dielectrics have been provided with inserts (15) of metal. During a capacitor discharge in the chamber, such amounts of heat and radiation will be created in the chamber that pieces of the metal will wear away. These heavy pieces of metal will be dissipated with the heat to the propellant charges and contribute to the ignition of the same.
    Figure 6 shows the embodiment of Figure 4 with the chamber tubular.
    Figure 7 shows the embodiment of Figure 5 with the chamber tubular.
    Finally, Figure 8 shows a circuit that can be used to obtain the object of the invention. Effective values for voltages and capacitances depend, among other things, on the size of the generator and it is easy for a person skilled in the art to find such values via routine tests. With regard to the geometry of the gas-enclosing chamber, the figures show both a planar geometry, i.e. a sandwich construction of electrodes and dielectrics, and a cylindrical shape in which electrodes and dielectrics constitute the material of the cylindrical walls of the gas-enclosing chamber. It is of course possible to have a sandwich construction that completely surrounds the chamber. For example, a mold where electrodes are provided on two opposite walls and separated by walls of the insulating dielectric. In this way, the electrodes will be galvanically separated, which is a prerequisite for generating a sufficiently high electric field in the chamber to create a current channel. The very purpose of the construction is that gas should be enclosed at the same time as it should be possible to obtain a discharge in the enclosed gas by applying voltage across the electrode arrangement.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    Plasma generator for igniting propellant charges in a barrel weapon, the generator comprises a gas enclosing chamber (10) of a dielectric material, said chamber having a first end (10a) and a second end (10b), said first end and second end being provided with electrodes (12,14) intended to be energized via a capacitor circuit with a voltage source (16) to obtain a potential difference between said ends (10a, 10b), the generator is characterized in that it also includes means (12 ', 13,13') arranged to be supplied with a voltage from a voltage source (16,16 ") to create a potential difference across the gas enclosing chamber thereby creating a current channel in the chamber which current channel enables a capacitor discharge between the electrodes (12, 12 ', 14) arranged on opposite ends of the gas enclosing chamber (10), said capacitor discharge causes a heat and radiation formation in the chamber which is used for ignition of propellant charges.
    [2]
    Plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (12 ', 13213) consist of electrodes of which electrode (13) is arranged on the outside of the dielectric material and running in the entire longitudinal direction of the chamber, electrode (12') is arranged on the inside of the dielectric material and at the end (10a) of the chamber in such a way that the electrode (12 ') runs only along parts of the inside of the dielectric material, said electrodes (122 13) being connected to the capacitor circuit, a voltage setting across the electrode (12') ) and electrode (13) causes a plasma formation along the surface layer of the dielectric material directed towards the interior of the chamber, said plasma formation acting as a short circuit between electrode (12 ') and the electrode (14) arranged at opposite end (10b) of the chamber whereby a discharge from the capacitor circuit is made possible between the ends of the chamber.
    [3]
    Plasma generator according to claim 2, characterized in that the end (10b) of the chamber is energized by giving the outer electrode (13) a length longer than the chamber and where the excess length of the electrode (13) is folded down over the edge of the dielectric material. and over the end (10b) of the chamber, so that the end (10b) is energized by the same capacitor circuit which creates a potential difference between the outside and inside of the dielectric material.
    [4]
    Plasma generator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the end of the electrode (12 ') arranged along a section of the inside of the dielectric material is given a tapered shape which enables a plasma formation along the surface of the dielectric material to be obtained at a lower voltage.
    [5]
    Plasma generator according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the dielectric material also comprises pieces of metallic material (15), a discharge between the ends (10a), (10b) of the chamber causing a heat and radiation formation which removes metallic material. from the dielectric material whereby the metallic material evaporates and is used for igniting propellant charges.
    [6]
    Plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (12 ', 13,13') consist of electrodes (13,13 ') which are arranged on the dielectric surface of the chamber and galvanically separated from each other and electrode (12) and electrode (14 ), said electrodes (13,13 ') are connected to a separate voltage source (16') intended to create a potential difference between electrode (13) and electrode (13 '), said potential difference acts to ionize the gas in the gas enclosing chamber which results in that the gas obtains a conductivity and thus short-circuits a capacitor circuit between electrodes (12, 14) arranged at the ends of the chamber (10a, 10b), said short circuit enabling a discharge of the capacitor in the chamber which leads to a heat and radiation formation in the chamber used for ignition of propellant charges. 10 10
    [7]
    A barrel weapon (2) comprising a chamber for propellant charges, a tube for projectiles and a plasma generator (1), said chamber being in direct communication with the plasma generator via an opening intended to transfer heat and radiation from the plasma generator to the propellant charges in the chamber to ignite them. whereupon the detonation of the propellant charges acts to push the projectile out of the electric tube, the weapon is characterized in that it comprises a plasma generator according to any one of the preceding claims.
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    同族专利:
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    SE535590C2|2012-10-02|
    引用文献:
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    CN104180721B|2014-08-25|2016-04-27|西安近代化学研究所|A kind of bottom multilayer plasma body igniter|
    CN110035595B|2019-03-22|2021-01-19|西安交通大学|Cylindrical plasma generator and application thereof|
    法律状态:
    2014-04-29| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1000944A|SE535590C2|2010-09-20|2010-09-20|Repetitive plasma generator and firearm weapons including such plasma generator|SE1000944A| SE535590C2|2010-09-20|2010-09-20|Repetitive plasma generator and firearm weapons including such plasma generator|
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